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In this tutorial, we show how to work with date and time in C, c date jetzt online. In the tutorial, we use C If you are compiling programs on Windows, we highly recommend Pelles C compiler. Windows API tutorial has a chapter dedicated to date and time. We start with a few definitions. A calendar timealso called an absolute time, is a point in the time continuum, for example February 17, at CET. A time interval is a continuous part of the time continuum between two calendar times, for example the hour between and on February 20, An elapsed time is the length of an interval, for example, c date jetzt online, 28 minutes, c date jetzt online.
An amount of time is a sum of elapsed times. The elapsed times do not need to be successive. When the work took us eleven hours, we might be working on different days. A period is the elapsed time of an interval between two events.
CPU time is the amount of time for which a central processing unit CPU was used for processing instructions of a computer program or operating system. It is measured in clock ticks or seconds. An epoch is an instant in time chosen as the origin of a particular era.
The Unix epoch is the time UTC on 1 January or TZ ISO Simple time is a compact representation of a calendar time; it is the number of seconds of elapsed time since Unix epoch. Broken-down time represents a human-readable calendar time. It is divided into a set of components specifying the year, month, day, and so on in the Gregorian calendar, for a specific time zone. The broken-down time uses the struct tm data type. Wall timealso called real-world time or wall-clock time, c date jetzt online, refers to elapsed time as determined by a chronometer such as a c date jetzt online or wall clock.
The reference to a wall clock is how the term originally got its name. Wall time differs from time as measured by counting microprocessor clock pulses or cycles. In addition, the time. The Unix time is the number of seconds since the Unix epoch. The time function returns the value of time in seconds since 0 hours, 0 minutes, 0 seconds, January 1,Coordinated Universal Time. If an error occurs, it returns If t is not NULLthe return value is also stored in the memory pointed to by t.
Broken-down time is a human-readable version of the calendar time. The struct tm data type is used for broken-down time.
The localtime functions converts a simple calendar time into a broken-down time. It takes the current timezone into account. The raw time, expressed in seconds, is converted into the brokend-down time.
The functions fills a struct tm type and returns a pointer to it. The structure is statically allocated, so we do not have to free it. The mktime function converts the broken-down time, expressed as local time, in the structure pointed to by tm into the Unix time simple calendar time. Our planet is a sphere; it revolves round its axis. The Earth rotates towards the east, so the Sun rises at different times in different locations, c date jetzt online.
The Earth rotates once in about 24 hours. Therefore, the world was divided into 24 time zones. In each time zone, there is a different local time. This local time is often further modified by the daylight saving.
There is a pragmatic need for one global time. One global time helps to avoid confusion about time zones and daylight saving time. The UTC Universal Coordinated time was chosen to be the primary time standard. UTC is used in aviation, weather forecasts, flight plans, air traffic control clearances, and maps. Unlike local time, UTC does not change with a change of seasons.
We print the UTC time. The asctime function is obsolete, we should use strftimewhich is covered next, instead. The strftime function formats the broken-down time tm according to the format specification format and places the result in the character array s of size max, c date jetzt online. This code line creates a date string in a British format. In the code example, we determine the current time and convert it into additional information with the strftime function.
The strptime function is used to convert a string representation of time to the tm structure broken-down time. The strptime function is the converse function to the strftime function. The function's first parameter is the time expressed in a string. The second parameter is the string format.
The third parameter is a pointer to the struct tm. The function returns a pointer to the first character not processed in this function call. On failure, the function returns NULL. The example parses a string c date jetzt online and fills a struct tm ; it prints the members of the structure then. C date jetzt online definition gets rid of the warning: initialization makes pointer from integer without a cast warning. We parse a date with the strptime function.
The format specifiers must c date jetzt online the string parts. The time functions work with dates from With earlier dates, we need to refer to Julian day. We format the date with the strftime method and print it with the puts method. A Julian day is the number of days since the beginning of the Julian Period.
It is used primarily by astronomers. It should not be confused with the Julian calendar. The C date jetzt online Period started in BC. The Julian day number 0 is assigned to the day starting at noon on January 1, BC. The Julian Day Number JDN is the number of days elapsed since the beginning of this period, c date jetzt online. The Julian Date JD of any instant is the Julian day number for the preceding noon plus the fraction of the day since that instant.
Apart from astronomy, Julian dates are often used by military and mainframe programs. In the example, we calculate the number of days passed since the Borodino battle. The Borodino battle started on September 7, c date jetzt online, c date jetzt online The getJulianDay function has the algorithm for calculating the Julian day.
There are two calculations; one for Gregorian era and one for pre-Gregorian era. A time zone is a region throughout which the same standard time is used. There are 24 time zones in the world. The tzset function initiates the tzname array with the standard names of the pair of time zones: the standard time zone and the daylight saving time zone. If daylight saving time zone is not used, the second string is empty. The function also initiates the timezone variable, which contains the difference between UTC and the latest local standard time, in seconds west of UTC, c date jetzt online.
In the example, we compute the simple calendar value, break it down to the tm structure, and get c date jetzt online timezone information with the strftime function, c date jetzt online. The bias is specified as hours and minutes followed with two digits each with no delimiter between them.
The leading plus stands for east of UTC. A leap year is a year containing an additional day. The reason for an extra day in the calendar is the difference between the astronomical and the calendar year. We have an array of years. We check all years if they are leap years. C date jetzt online is no built-in function to check for a leap year; therefore, a custom isLeapYear function is created. With the for loop we traverse the array.
We check if a year is a leap year using the c date jetzt online function. This is the function for determining a leap year. Leap years are integer multiples of 4. A year that is an integer multiple of is not a leap year, unless it is c date jetzt online an integer multiple ofin which case it is also a leap year. CPU time is the amount of time for which a central processing unit was used for processing instructions of a computer program. The clock function returns the processor time consumed by the program.
The clock function has a low resolution and is not consistent on platform; therefore, it should not be used in situations where high accuracy is required.
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